. They work together to run any system smoothly and there is the requirement. A mobile network operator (MNO) is a provider of wireless communications services that has or manages the infrastructure necessary to be able to sell and provide services to end users (subscribers), including the allocation of radio spectrum, the infrastructure of the wireless network. As an evolution of the widely-installed Ericsson BSCS iX, Ericsson Billing provides a low-risk but effective route to capture and secure revenue streams and take advantage of business opportunities from both traditional telecom services as. NSS : NSS stands for Network and Switching Subsystem. BSS. This article will discuss the impacts and key technological requirements in OSS/BSS of the telecom operators for enabling smooth integration of 5G-based applications and services. Increase agility and decrease time to market, all while continuing to innovate as you roll out 5G and beyond. Enter the embedded SIM — also known as eSIM. . The record is maintained by the concerned telephone exchange and contains call details such as time of the call, duration of the call, source and destination number, completion status of the call, etc. Telecom Digital Transformation: BSS Stacks. – His. 1. What does MDN stand for in Telecom? Get the top MDN abbreviation related to Telecom. Possible BSS meaning as an acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term vary from category to category. They stand for the youth, for the oppressed and those struggling with life. Typically, these are available for. BSS transformation modernizes telecommunications networks by replacing a legacy business support system (BSS) with a digital BSS, enabling operators to introduce advanced digital services. OSS BSS architecture refers to operation support systems and business support systems in telecommunications. BSS handles traffic and signaling between a mobile phone and the network switching subsystem. For telecom applications, E2E software testing mainly focuses on the end-user experience and tests real-user scenarios that are likely to occur. Attendees got the chance to network, exchange ideas, and deeply understand the latest technology and trends. there is a lot that’s going behind the scenes for the telecom industry that is slowly trying to take a turn toward 5G. BSS stands for Business Support Systems, and here business means nothing but MONEY. Telecom services are based on the below two systems: #1) Operations Support Systems (OSS): OSS supports back-office activities like telecom network, provisioning, maintaining customer service, Inventory etc. It also contains the equipment for controlling the cell sites that are connected to the MSC. Net present value. Together with operations support systems (OSS), they are used to support various end-to-end telecommunication services (e. Find out more about Ericsson BSS Solutions. BSS deals with the mobile radio network whereas NSS deals with the mobile core network. Base Transceiver Station. The following table provides a list of nearly 1,000 acronyms / glossary for many commonly used terminologies in OSS/BSS and telco situations. What does BSS stand for in Computer? Get the top BSS abbreviation related to Computer. In the heart of Madrid, the Ericsson OSS/BSS Summit 2023 came to life. <br><br>Expertise in delivery management, requirements analysis, estimation and costing, pre-sales support, RFP responses, Design, Development and post production support. What about today? BSS stands for Business Support Systems, and it refers to the software applications and processes that support the business operations of telecom service providers. Equipment order entry. It stands for Operations. Find out more about AWS Cloud Products . EMS can manage (i. What is the shortened form of Base Station Subsystem in Telecom? The short. Few people list their related skills at the top, or at all. OSS is either Operational Support Systems or Operations Support Systems. CSG is a multinational corporation headquartered in Greenwood Village, Colorado. bss or bss) is the portion of an object file, executable, or assembly language code that contains statically allocated variables that are declared but have not been assigned a value yet. IoT can also provide data for predictive, diagnostics, and. The difference between the BSS and OSS can be distinguished as the systems that maintain a telecom's network operations and the systems that maintain the business operations that rely on that network to generate revenue. OSS and BSS: inconspicuous acronyms with a huge impact What at first glance seems like inconspicuous industry terms from TC is the cornerstone of high-performance network operations. BTS. Technology, Networking, Business. Inmarsat is the leading satellite service provider, offering mobile satellite communication services and delivering reliable, seamless global connectivity. MU-MIMO. BSS Computer Abbreviation. OSS/BSS is evolving to meet network service complexity and the ability to offer and monetize a wider range of differentiated products and services. Along with providing a framework for evolving from classic circuit switch (CS) to packet switch (PS) telephony, IMS is lauded for its openness and well. In this scenario, a telecom operator notices an increase in the number of invoices that require manual handling. OSS, which stands for operations support systems or operational support systems, is a collection of computer programs designed to help providers monitor, analyse and manage telecom networks. 0. Base Stations. Harnessing our robust, mature, proven platform, we deliver innovative use cases that are digitizing industries, transforming telcos, and reimagining the consumer experience. Operation Support System (OSS) : Operation Support System (OSS), as name suggests, is a software tool that is generally used to organizations to manage their operation system or communication networks. OSS is a collection of systems used to support the day-to-day operations of a telecom. By leveraging cloud, mobile, and social technologies, BSS and CRM can help telecom. B. It provides business support systems (BSS) software and services, primarily to the telecommunications industry. 🚀 🔹 Seamless Connectivity: IoT enables a network of interconnected devices, creating a seamless ecosystem where data flows effortlessly. Keep me signed in until I sign outTelecom BSS is a dynamic and evolving field, and you should always be curious and willing to learn new things. Base Station Controller: A base station controller (BSC) is a critical mobile network component that controls one or more base transceiver stations (BTS), also known as base stations or cell sites. Digitalization is critical for efficient service creation and management, as is the journey to cloud OSS/BSS, in enabling CSPs to fully monetize business, technical and operational investments. Technology, Technical, Telecom. O2A (Order to Activate) and T2R (Trouble to Resolve) are just two of many workflow-related acronyms. When the wireless device has joined the BSS, we call it a wireless client or 802. 1 Lack of customization. Back-Shell Separation. The core function of the BSF is to track sessions that are. Leaders in digital transformation: OSS/BSS case studies. MSISDN stands for Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number, and it is just your complete mobile phone number with the country code and any prefixes that are part of your mobile number. These. The MSC connects calls between subscribers by switching the digital voice packets between network paths. 0 Build_output sections. BSS: Best Shot Selector. It is also called the Information Framework. e. While OSS support and automate all network operations, BSS supports and automates additional. ”. 3. Dramatically reduce operational delays and improve data integrity. Advancements cloud. Communication service providers (CSPs) are transforming their IT capabilities for Business Support Systems (BSS) to the promising economics of 5G, IoT, Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO), and Ultra Low Latency Gaming Applications. Both BSS and OSS systems are critical to the success of telecommunications. . redesigned BSS/OSS platform. 00. This type of software handles functions such as network monitoring, provisioning, and maintenance, ensuring that the company’s infrastructure is running smoothly. BSS. BSS deals with the mobile radio network whereas NSS deals with the mobile core network. BSS means Basic Synchronized Subset. noun bss. Possible BSS meaning as an acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term vary from category to category. However, OSS and BSS serve different purposes in telecommunications. Base Transceiver Station. Extra telecom service features. 100 things i love about my daughter; vallejo weathering effects; kentucky derby standings. Data Analytics entails analysing large data sets to uncover trends and gain valuable insights from the data. BSS stands for “Business Support Systems” and OSS for “Operation Support Systems”. Vote. The term for a Local Exchange Carrier following deregulation of the telecommunications industry. One example of OSS and BSS working together is when a customer has fully consumed their monthly. BSS/OSS In telecom organizations the heart of Computer and Information Technology systems are BSS/OSS. They are vital for the running of a. That carried out call and mobility management functions for. It supports such network functions as: OSS includes hardware, software, system integrations, and business processes. What does BSS stand for? BSS abbreviation stands for Basic Synchronized Subset. Most common BSS abbreviation full forms updated in November 2023 Suggest. New types of business models – especially to interface with Enterprise vertical partners. During a telecom audit, a team of auditing experts will look for things such as: Unused lines. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The . e. The OSS BSS architecture, which is best described as the ‘backbone systems’ of telcos, enables end-to-end services that improve client interaction. The OSS supports management functions like network inventory, management, and configuration. OSS and business support systems (BSS) both are part of customer-facing. Vote. So BSS are the set of systems and functions interconnected. Equipment order entry. It is often referred to as the "bss section" or "bss segment". The MSC is mostly associated with communications switching functions, such as call set-up, release, and routing. In the meantime, dig deeper into the BSS cloud journey with this new Futurum Research report, The BSS-to-cloud journey: Powering innovation across the digital value chain. After subscribing to a service, users can leverage the user plane function (UPF) at the edge and access the applications and content deployed on the mobile edge computing (MEC. When calculating the ROI of BSS projects, different methods and models may be used depending on available data, project complexity, and assumptions made. Global IoT revenue is projected to increase from ~$441 billion in 2021 to ~$1 trillion by 2030. OSS stands for Operations Support Systems, referring to software used by telecommunications companies to manage their internal processes. TV Shows and Movies. In computer programming, the block starting symbol (abbreviated to . Its Omni-channel, intelligent marketing ensure. Effectively overcome typical interoperability hurdles and bring order to your diverse software environments. BSS stands for business support system, and it includes all the software and hardware components that handle the billing, customer service, and product management of your telecom services. Telecom infrastructure providers across the globe are transitioning to 5G networks, which are about 100 times faster. Rate it: BSS: Base Station System. What it means in practice is that BSS provides solutions to manage your clients, your sales and to settle your. Samy Al Ghassany, COO. While the term outside plant can be used when referring to communications networks like telephone or cable, today we’ll dive into OSP fiber networks, the foundation upon which the internet. It provides a common language for use across departments, systems, partners and suppliers, reducing cost and risk of system. This is a broad term that includes a wide range of information transmitting technologies such as telephones (wired and wireless),. In choice#4, NSSMF is an external. At larger distances, the signal gets weaker and the wireless data rates get slower, leading to a lower overall data throughput. Operate: Is an extremely important task in OSS space and the team working in the Operation and responsible of making sure that the Network work smoothly. E: email@email. MDN Telecom Abbreviation. It is often referred to as the "bss section" or "bss segment". SAE is the evolution of the GPRS Core Network, but with a simplified architecture; an all-IP Network (AIPN); support for higher throughput and lower latency radio access networks (RANs);. ”. Research the market and the vendors. They handles the monitoring of alarms, the prioritization of faults the troubleshooting. There are many factors to consider. Overview. BSS in GSM networks refers to Base Station Subsystem which is essentially the radio access part of a GSM network and consists of BTS and BSC. What is BSS meaning in Telecommunications? 1 meaning of BSS abbreviation related to Telecommunications: 1. Basic Service Set, the basic building block of a wireless local area network (WLAN) Boeing Satellite Systems, see Boeing Satellite Development Center Blum–Shub–Smale. 1 vote. Suggest. The Business Process Framework is an operating model framework for telecom service providers in the telecommunications industry. NSS in GSM stands for Network Switching Centre which mainly represents the circuit-switched mobile core network and. However, it also performs a host of other duties, including routing SMS messages, conference calls,. Base Station System. judgment — an act or instance of judging. 1. “The company’s past BSS strategy included pursuing large transformation projects based on pre-integrated solutions, including development of a next generation BSS platform, the full-stack Revenue Manager,” said the. Business Support Systems (BSS) is the software and processes required for the “back office” to function. The Working of a GSM Network. Even logistics, a notoriously difficult industry for CX, has an NPS average of 38. November 25, 2023 by Anita Johnson. Source: Allied Market Research. After subscribing to a service, users can leverage the user plane function (UPF) at the edge and access the applications and content deployed on the mobile edge computing (MEC. Operational Support Systems (OSS) is a compendium of IT processes and technologies such as software, hardware, and system integrations to effectively run telecom communication networks. Signal is measured by the receive signal strength. BSS in GSM networks refers to Base Station Subsystem which is essentially the radio access part of a GSM network and consists of BTS and BSC. Please look for them carefully. OSS/BSS architecture is evolving to support superior 5G service experience. What does CAT stand for? CAT stands for category. This presents a significant challenge for telecom…OSS/BSS systems are IT systems used by telecommunications companies (telcos) to manage and automate their customer-facing activities such as billing, provisioning, network management, customer service, and other back-office operations. Adding satellite communication to the terrestrial Global System for Mobile ( GSM ). With the power of a cloud infrastructure that’s architected to be flexible and secure, let us help take your. What is BTS meaning in Telecom? 11 meanings of BTS abbreviation related to Telecom: Vote. BSS Broad band Switching System BZT Bundesamt f池 Zulassungen in der Telekommunication (Germany) C C-MOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Silicon CAD. BSS Stands For:In computer programming, the block starting symbol (abbreviated to . Attendees got the chance to network, exchange ideas, and deeply understand the latest technology and trends. It became an independent corporation when it was acquired by CSG Holdings in. Compared to electric vehicle (EV) charging mode, battery swapping mode can realize concentrated and orderly charging. It also manages these wireless devices or clients. What is BSS meaning in Telecommunications? 1 meaning of BSS abbreviation related to Telecommunications: 1. If you’ve. In the heart of Madrid, the Ericsson OSS/BSS Summit 2023 came to life. Telecom BSS (business support systems) campaign management tools are software applications that help you plan, execute, and monitor marketing campaigns. I am interested. Originally known as Telecommunication Network. OSS (operation and support system) OR NSS (Network Subsystem or Network Switching Subsystem) 3. Vote. The role of telecommunication network/service and. telecommunications (telecom): Telecommunications, also known as telecom, is the exchange of information over significant distances by electronic means and refers to all types of voice, data and video transmission. 5. Technology, Networking,. BSS automation can help telecom operators reduce manual intervention, human errors, operational costs, and time to market, while improving data quality, accuracy, consistency, and compliance. What’s the difference, you ask? The best way to understand. Technology, Networking, Station. This includes fault and performance management (assurance), customer activations (fulfillment), asset / inventory / configuration management, network security and so much more. Salesforce Sales Cloud is one of the best sought-after CRM platforms in the market. com! 'Best Shot Selector' is one option -- get in to view more @ The Web's largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations resource. Basic service sets (BSS) The BSS is the basic building block of an IEEE 802. The BSS abbreviation has 340 different full form. Mobile Switching Center: A mobile switching center (MSC) is the centerpiece of a network switching subsystem (NSS). Telecom BSS stands for business support systems, which are the software applications and platforms that enable telecom operators to manage their customer relations, billing, revenue, and service. A staggering 98% of operators surveyed realize that they need to alter their existing BSS systems to support new 5G use cases. It is often referred to as the "bss section" or "bss segment". BSS stands for business support systems, and it includes the processes and systems that manage billing, charging, customer service, product catalog, order management, and other functions. In the eagerness to monetize 5G investments quickly, some. BSS Meaning. Typically only the length of the bss. As the name suggests, OSS refers to hardware and software tools used on the operations side of a telecommunications network, including computers, servers. As the telecom industry evolves, so too must OSS and BSS. Implementing robust testing processes. Sort. Today, it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new. English equivalent to in-advance price plan. 5G, is a packet oriented mobile data standard on the 2G cellular communication network's global system for mobile communications (GSM). Rate it: BSS: Body Sculpting System. BSS mainly focuses on all activities within organization. OODA stands for observe, orient, decide and act. A central concept of a BSS is that all stations must ‘hear’ each other, that is, be within radio or optical range. BSS and OSS are two essential components of any telecommunication service provider's operations. EMS stands for “Element Management System”. It was designed for basic voice and data services, which is no. Your team of experts will conduct a line verification process to find which lines are active and which are not. In computer programming, the block starting symbol (abbreviated to . NSS : NSS stands for Network and Switching Subsystem. There is no dependency on vendor specific hardware, OSS, or SON. Community » News & Media. Catalog-driven omni-channel experience powered by intuitive journeys. bss segment is an optimization. INAP stands for Intelligent Network Application Part and is the top most layer of the SS7 protocol stack. g. Yet as telcos move to a digital-centric world, many find that their BSS platforms—which have powered business processes for years—either can’t keep up or require a great deal of time, expense, and effort to make the jump. It focuses on customer requirement and is mainly handled by front end staff such product, revenue, order, and customer managements. The role of telecommunication network/service and infrastructure providers has moved from providing mere access to being an integral part of the total offering that requires the ability to combine business, IT, and. BSS having two components BTS and BSC. data section is as big as the sum of sizes of the initialized variables. MSISDN stands for Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number, and it is just your complete mobile phone number with the country code and any prefixes that are part of your mobile number. Some of the best practices for a transformative BSS are: Identifying and remediating defects as early as possible. BSS Meaning. NSS is the core network of GSM. The same can be said for any other BSS feature, like order management or even billing. Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output. Rate it: BSS: Business Support System. A BSS will handle Orders, Customer Relationships and. Catalog-driven omni-channel experience powered by intuitive journeys. The digital upheaval in the telecom space is calling into question the clear distinction that telecom operators have traditionally maintained between their IT and network departments. In the heart of Madrid, the Ericsson OSS/BSS Summit 2023 came to life. The two systems, operated together by telecommunications service providers, are used to support a range of telecommunication services. See examples of B. No, “bs” is not a bad word or vulgar word. Our products are delivered globally on the private and public. Get The Guide to Modern OSS. The BSC controls the activities of the BTS. Broadcast Satellite Service + 1. Key performance indicators (KPIs) determine how companies assess their success in relation to defined goals. OSS stands for Operations Support System. CFS and RFS typically have different lifecycles, CFS are related to customer and product changes and RFS to technology changes. These programs can include. Therefore battery swapping stations (BSS) can participate in the demand side management (DSM) as an integrated form. Computing » Telecom-- and more. The BSC is referred to as a mediator and physical link between the BTS and the Mobile Switching Center (MSC). A BSS system constructed in a centralized mode in a corporation is called a Shared BSS, which is a private cloud constructed in on-promise mode. By creating a digitally enabled experience for customers, it provides the support needed to seamlessly guide them through their digital journey. In full form, BSS stands for business support system, and OSS stands for operations support system. The digital upheaval in the telecom space is calling into question the clear distinction that telecom operators have traditionally maintained between their IT and network departments. In computer programming, the block starting symbol (abbreviated to . Most common BSS abbreviation full forms updated in November 2023. OSS stands for Operation Support System and controls, manages, and analyzes the network connections. BSS. Technology, Technical, Telecom. The BSS enabling enterprise offers need to support smooth, simple CX to successfully monetize new services. Includes all the features, and through Huawei patent algorithm precise recommend the Next-Best-Action and Next-Best-Order to your customers. RNCs are base stations that are between the Node B and. Business Support Systems (BSS) is the software and processes required for the “back office” to function. A Base Station controller (BSC) is a telecommunication network component responsible for the control of one or more Base Transceiver Stations (BTS). This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: BSS. Telecom BSS. Operations support systems ( OSS ), operational support systems in British usage, or Operation System ( OpS) in NTT [1], [2] are computer systems used by telecommunications service providers to manage their networks (e. The BSS sector should equip the CSPs to go out and try as many as new business models and scenarios, without having to worry about pricing policies, complex. 5 Features of a Future-Proof OSS Architecture for Telcos. Academic & Science » Amateur Radio. Furthermore, you’ll see apartment complexes and condominium buildings everywhere. What Is Oss Bss Architecture. This two-day. As telecom companies move towards a digital future, H8’s agile BSS/OSS with the right digital technologies will help you deliver a seamless experience to your customers. Password. 2. Nowadays, telcos have the liberty to pick and choose and implement the set of features that makes the most. It is a set of software applications that support the business processes and customer interactions of a telecom operator. is a leading provider of mission-critical, cloud-native revenue management software for the telecommunications industry. The network generation that follows GSM and EDGE is 3G UMTS, where UMTS stands for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. Base Station Subsystem. What is BSS meaning in Telecommunications? 1 meaning of BSS abbreviation related to Telecommunications: 1. BSS stands for Business Support Systems. Vote. Professional Summary. A Mobile Switching Center (MSC) is a core part of the GSM/CDMA network system. Deploying telecom solutions to these structures can be a challenge. In many cases, customers have lines they are paying for but aren’t using. interface device (IDF): IDF also stands for intermediate distribution frame . Standards in OSS/BSS help create synergies and enable plug-and-play business, innovative business models, and data monetization. The electronic equipment that generates, transmits and receives signals to & from a telecommunications network. 6. Broadcast Satellite Service + 1 Operations support systems (OSS) and business support systems (BSS) are being rewritten or refactored to cloud-native, microservices-based applications capable of running on hybrid cloud and multicloud computing and storage infrastructure. A base transceiver station (BTS) is a piece of equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. What. The base stations in a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) RAN are referred to as Node Bs and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs). Typically only the length of the bss. Yet as telcos move to a digital-centric world, many find that their BSS platforms—which have powered business processes for years—either can’t keep up or require a great deal of time, expense, and effort to make the jump. BSS stands for business support system, and it includes all the processes and software that enable you to manage your telecom services, billing, customer relations, and network operations. See how a modern digitized communications business can:Home Subscriber Server in telecom is an integral aspect of the EPC network. Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications applications. bss or bss) is the portion of an object file, executable, or assembly language code that contains statically allocated variables that are declared but have not been assigned a value yet. The characteristics of consumer telecom BSS stacks will prevail for enterprises. “Technology evolution in BSS and OSS systems uses low code for automation and development, which lowers the barrier to entry by relying on graphics to code, and benefits from open-source software and open APIs, which enhances and streamlines their use through collaboration 6 Continue the BSS learning. Despite the lack of consensus around what constitutes “cloud-native” BSS applications there are several. OSS and BSS stands for operations support system/business support system. 11 LAN. 98% CSP’s plan to alter their BSS to monetize 5G - however traditional BSS transformation is a. 11 network. In the rapidly evolving digital era, the swift pace of technological progress has rendered older Business Support Systems (BSS) less adaptable. Base Station System. Technology, Technical, Computer Security. Suggest. Revenue ManaWhat does BSS and OSS stand for? OSS/BSS, in telecommunications, refer to operations support system and business support system. Business support systems (BSS) are the unsung heroes of telecom companies’ day-to-day operations. 20. The BSS meaning is "Backup System Services". By their names, both the terms may seem complementary, however they both are significantly diametric to each other and deal with different aspects of the telecom business. As the name suggests, OSS refers to hardware and software tools used on the operations side of a telecommunications network, including computers, servers. OSS can be viewed as IT Service Management (ITSM), but for telecom. Business Support System + 1. Please look for them carefully. Bachelor of Social Studies Academic Degree, Education, Bachelor's Degree, Computing, Qualification, Scientific & Educational. Bill processing, charging, taking orders, subscriptions, and push notifications all fall under BSS. Traditionally, OSS tended to provide network-facing or network-operations-facing functionality. This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: BSS. This article will explain what OSS/BSS is and how it is used to help with the ever. While the OSS maintains network inventory, management and operations. There is a need for constant shifts from existing 2G, 3G, and 4G services and a. A Base Station controller (BSC) is a telecommunication network component responsible for the control of one or more Base Transceiver Stations (BTS). As the name suggests, OSS refers to hardware and software tools used on the operations side of a telecommunications network, including computers, servers. The telecom industry is undergoing a profound transformation, and at the heart of this revolution is the Internet of Things (IoT). #2) Business Support Systems (BSS):BSS stands for Basic Service Set. Call detail records serve a valuable. In telecommunications, there are two very important terms you often hear — Business Support Systems (BSS) and Operations Support Systems (OSS). How do I list telecommunications skills on my resume. Fighting/파이팅 해야지 (Feat. BSS focuses on all activities within the organization. 72 Billion by 2030 with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of roughly 12. Asia Cellular Satellite System (ACeS): Asia Cellular Satellite System(ACeS) is a combined cellular telephone and satellite wireless system from Ericsson that provides digital communication service to mobile phone and computer users in the Asia Pacific Region. Once you have a clear vision of what you need and want from your BSS, you can start exploring the market and the vendors. Broadband Switching SystemOrder Management. NSS is the core network of GSM. In the 5G era, telecom BSS will become the primary. Business Support Systems (BSS) are used to interact with customers. —Diagram showing where a 2G/3G radio network is situated within the overall mobile network— UTRAN – Radio Access Network for 3G UMTS. Computing » Telecom-- and more. The MTSO contains the switching equipment or Mobile Switching Center (MSC) for routing mobile phone calls. Asia Cellular Satellite System (ACeS): Asia Cellular Satellite System(ACeS) is a combined cellular telephone and satellite wireless system from Ericsson that provides digital communication service to mobile phone and computer users in the Asia Pacific Region. Telecom, Technology, Information Technology.